Exposure To Light Before Bedtime May Adversely Affect Sleep Quality
A recent study that was published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism has revealed that exposure to electrical light before bedtime may strongly suppress levels of 
melatonin, impacting natural processes such as sleepiness and glucose homeostasis.
The role of melatonin in regulating the sleep-wake cycle is well known and has been explored as a potential treatment option for patients with insomnia.
Researchers evaluated a total of 116 healthy volunteers between the ages of 18 and 30 who had been exposed to room light in the eight hours before bedtime for five consecutive days. The participants were given an intravenous catheter to collect blood plasma every 30 to 60 minutes in order to measure melatonin.
Exposure to room light before bedtime shortened melatonin duration by about 90 minutes. Those who were exposed to light during the usual hours of sleep experienced a melatonin suppression of greater than 50 percent...
Ancient Body Clock Discovered That Helps Keep All Living Things On Time
The mechanism that controls the internal 24-hour clock of all forms of life from human cells to algae has been identified by scientists.
Not only does the research provide important insight into health-related problems linked to individuals with disrupted clocks -- such as pilots and shift workers -- it also indicates that the 24-hour circadian clock found in human cells is the same as that found in algae and dates back millions of years to early life on Earth. Two new studies in the journal Nature from the Universities of Cambridge and Edinburgh give insight into the circadian clock which controls patterns of daily and seasonal activity, from sleep cycles to butterfly migrations to flower opening.
One study, from the University of Cambridge's Institute of Metabolic Science, has for the first time identified 24-hour rhythms in red blood cells. This is significant because circadian rhythms have always been assumed to be linked to DNA and gene activity, but -- unlike most of the other cells in the body -- red blood cells do not have DNA. Akhilesh Reddy, from the University of Cambridge and lead author of the study, said: "We know that clocks exist in all our cells; they're hard-wired into the cell. Imagine what we'd be like without a clock to guide us through our days. The cell would be in the same position if it didn't have a clock to coordinate its daily activities...
Estrogen Treatment With No Side Effects in Sight, Swedish Researchers Find
Estrogen treatment for osteoporosis has often been associated with serious side effects. Researchers at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, have now, in mice, found a way of utilizing the positive effects of estrogen in mice so that only the skeleton is acted on, current research at the Academy shows.
The study is presented in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Many women are affected by osteoporosis after the menopause, when the body's production of estrogen decreases. Estrogen is the hormone that principally strengthens the bone mass in women, and it is also of significance for the skeleton in men. Treatment of osteoporosis with estrogens is, however, associated with serious side effects such as breast cancer and blood clots. In order to develop an estrogen treatment that utilizes the favorable effects of the estrogen but not its side effects, the researchers have analyzed which parts of the estrogen receptor is most important in enabling estrogen to act on bone tissue and other tissues...
How Little Sleep Can You Get Away With?
We all know that we don't get enough sleep. But how much sleep do we really need? Until about 15 years ago, one common theory was that if you slept at least four or five hours a night, your cognitive performance remained intact; your body simply adapted to less sleep. But that idea was based on studies in which researchers sent sleepy subjects home during the day — where they may have sneaked in naps and downed coffee.
Enter David Dinges, the head of the Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory at the Hospital at University of Pennsylvania, who has the distinction of depriving more people of sleep than perhaps anyone in the world.
In what was the longest sleep-restriction study of its kind, Dinges and his lead author, Hans Van Dongen, assigned dozens of subjects to three different groups for their 2003 study: some slept four hours, others six hours and others, for the lucky control group, eight hours — for two weeks in the lab...
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